Among the most promising hydrazine substitutes are propellants based on ammonium dinitramide, adn, dissolved in a fuelwater mixture. Synthesis of ammonium dinitramide by nitration of potassium and. Thermal decomposition and combustion of ammonium dinitramide. The ammonium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn is thermally more labile and impact sensitive than ammonium nitrate, but considerably more stable than the. To allow the effective development and use of adnbased propellants, it is important to understand adn reaction mechanisms. Prilling and coating of ammonium dinitramide adn mdpi. It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse than ammonium perchlorate and more importantly, does not leave hydrogen. Anbased composite propellants are primarily attractive due to the combustion products without toxic gases hclfree 17. Information regarding the decomposition and combustion behavior of propellant ingredients such as adn is useful when.
For each, we provide the date and the type of information in order to give a general idea of these. The thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide adn and potassium dinitramide kdn were examined neat and in solution. Prominent features of adn combustion are identified and compared with other types of energetic materials. The dinitramide salts have high oxygen content and are prepared with different counterions including potassium cesium, ammonium and hydrazinium salts. Introduction dinitramide salts, a uniquely stable oxyanion of nitrogen, were first discovered in 1988 1,2. Proton transfer in gasphase ammonium dinitramide clusters. Ammonium dinitramide decomposes when heated to give off water vapors, nitrogen and oxygen. Optimization of ammonium sulfamate nitration for the. Effect of coated ammonium dinitramide on the properties of. The new energetic material ammonium dinitramide and its thermal. Hatano and coworkers 9 reported a clean and safe method for making ammonium dinitramide from urea using hno 3, no 2bf 4 and liquid nh 3, in 5 to 20% yield.
Although ammonium nitrate is suitable as an oxidizer in large rocket. Condensed phase behavior in the combustion of ammonium. Thermal decomposition studies on ammonium dinitramide adn. Ammonium dinitramide adn in its generic form has a long needle shaped structure. The invention also concerns explosives, especially propellants, containing the compound. It focuses on the burning behavior and stability issues of. Catalytic decomposition mechanism of aqueous ammonium. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Eurenco is equipped with a pilotscale production of crystalline adn.
Scalable synthesis of high purities ammonium dinitramide adn, 98. Ammonium dinitramide adn is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic oropellant. Ammonium dinitramide is a colorless crystalline solid. The ammo nium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn is thermally more labile and impact sensitive than ammonium nitrate, but. The invention also relates to a process for the decompostion of ammonium dinitramide based liquid. Milled fine fraction crystals and prilled spherical particles could be supplied. The ammonium salt of dinitramide anion, nh4nno22 or adn. In agreement with the variations observed in the crystal structures, the vibrational spectra of the nno22 anion are also strongly influenced by the.
Us5714714a process for preparing ammonium dinitramide. The following are reference prices, estimated prices, list prices or prices requested by buyers of ammonium dinitramide. Thermal stability of ammonium dinitramide request pdf. The prills can include, if desired, one or more thermal stabilizers, and processing aids. Wo2000050363a1 dinitramide based liquid monopropellants. An overview on the synthetic routes and properties of. Basic properties and spectroscopic data for the energetic oxidizer adn ammonium dinitramide nh 4 nno 2 2 are presented. The present invention relates to a reactor for the decomposition of ammonium dinitramide based liquid monopropellants into hot, combustible gases for combustion in a combustion chamber, and more particularly a rocket engine or thruster comprising such reactor and a combustion chamber. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for.
View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Calculation of the properties for adnetnhtpb the considered formula for the proposed propellant is an improvement in the field of. If you want to know who sells, deals, distributes or offers ammonium dinitramide or similar products, the following is a list of vendors or dealers that are manufacturers producers, exporters, distributors and general suppliers providers of ammonium dinitramide. Scalable synthesis of high purities ammonium dinitramide. Proton transfer in gasphase ammonium dinitramide clusters article pdf available in the journal of chemical physics 1186. Solid particulate adn is introduced into the top of a melting column, allowed to melt to form preprills while passing through a hotzone heated zone in the prilling column. Smokeless propulsion of missiles has a great military value. Download fulltext pdf combustion of ammonium dinitramide, part 2. Volume 384, issues 12, 25 february 2002, pages 253259. Ammonium dinitramide adn is the ammonium salt of dinitraminic acid. Effect of coated ammonium dinitramide on the properties of nitrateester plasticized polyether solid rocket propellants wei qiang pang1, jun qiang li1, luigi t. Such an inhibition leads to a lower rate of decomposition in the solid phase than in the liquid phase. In this work, the combustion process of ammonium dinitramide, adn, has been modeled in two different situations.
Rocket solid propellant alternative based on ammoniu m. Effect of morphology for ammonium dinitramide on the. This article includes a list of referencesbut its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Advanced search watchlist search history search help. Hello fellow wikipedians, i have just modified one external link on ammonium dinitramide. Wo1999001408a1 thermallystabilized prilled ammonium.
In laboratory ammonium dinitramid can be prepared by nitration of sulfaminic acid or its salt under low temperatures. These types of propellants are single phase mixtures, and thus their. Ammonium dinitramide adn, nh4nno22, is one of the most promising oxidizing components of future solid propellant formulations, because it is ecofriendly and more. Pdf the paper presents a detailed analysis of the ammonium dinitramide adn combustion behavior depending on organic and. Milled and prilled adn products are normally supplied with anticaking agent. Combustion mechanism article pdf available in journal of propulsion and power 224. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. New technologies for ammonium dinitramide based monopropellant thrusters the project rheform. Flight heritage of ammonium dinitramide adn based high.
The invention relates to a new chemical compound suitable for use as an explosive and consisting of guanylurea dinitramide having formula 1. Adsorption of ammonium dinitramide adn from aqueous solutions. There are ammonium dinitramide a dn and hydrazinium nitroformate hnf energetic oxidizers, but these are not available in adequate quantities 16. The decomposition rates of adn at 60, 70, 80, and 90 8c were. This paper reports on the thermal and combustion behaviors of ammonium dinitramide adn. Eurenco is equipped with a pilotscale production of crystalline, it is a serious tactical drawback if the signature from the propellant will guide the. Small amounts of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide are also produced physical. Condensed phase behavior in the combustion of ammonium dinitramide. Prices of ammonium dinitramide commercial information. The new energetic material ammonium dinitramide adn, nh4nno22, has been investigated with regard to its thermal properties and decomposition.
The adn used for this work was synthesized by a new efficient and environmentally friendly method. The mass composition corresponding to the blend lmp103s 63% adn. A process is disclosed for producing prills comprised of ammonium dinitramide. Coating methods for surface modification of ammonium. Kento shiota, yuichiro izato, hiroki matsunaga, hiroto habu, atsumi miyake. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. It makes an excellent solid rocket oxidizer with a slightly higher specific impulse than ammonium perchlorate and more importantly, does not leave hydrogen chloride fumes. The flight heritage for ecaps propulsion technology based of ammonium dinitramide adn, started 2010 with a successful 5 years on orbit demonstration mission of the prisma satellite.
Deluca2, wang ke1, xiao long fu 1, fan 1xue zhong, huan li1, yue ping ji 1xian modern chemistry research institute, xian 710065, p. Ammonium dinitramide limit the search to the library catalogue. Pdf proton transfer in gasphase ammonium dinitramide. Since 2016, launches of satellites from 3 different continents continues to add to the flight heritage. Pdf rocket solid propellant alternative based on ammonium. The low temperature thermal stability of ammonium dinitramide adn and efforts to improve the thermal stability are presented. Use of the information, documents and data from the echa website is subject to the terms and conditions of this legal notice, and subject to other binding limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the echa website may be reproduced, distributed andor used, totally or in part, for noncommercial purposes provided that echa is. Ammonium dinitramide adn is a relatively new energetic oxidizer with excess of stoichiometric oxygen and known to produce environmentally benign combustion products 1,2 compared to ammonium. It is, however, significantly more sensitive to detonation than ammonim perchlorate during combustion. Ammonium dinitramide adn is a new solid oxidizer, mainly intended for high performance composite rocket propellants. Wo2002095207a1 reactor for decomposition of ammonium. An overview on the synthetic routes and properties of ammonium dinitramide adn and other dinitramide salts. The interaction between ammonium dinitramide adn and water was experimentally investigated by determining the solid. Apart of having a higher specific impulse than the worldwide renowned oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate, adn has the advantage, of leaving.
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